3 Fast Facts to Explore On Antibody Manufacturing

Antibodies refer to mass proteins produced when the antibodies enter foreign bodies into a body. Naturally, while harvesting antibodies, the natural reaction of this body can be utilized in producing custom antibodies for various research purposes, like Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot, ELISA, specific diseases, or any other ambitious projects in the lab.

With the help of a life science research-support company, you can do antibody manufacturing and figure out the target proteins for a wide variety of applications since they align to an epitope.

Facts About Antibody Manufacturing You Should Know Before Production

Custom antibody production comes with more selectivity and sensitivity than regular antibodies. Moreover, they are easy to produce through the antibody synthesis process for basic applications and even in your preferred assay.

But before continuing the antibody manufacturing process, you better dive into these facts:

Choose the Right Antibody for Your Research-

Antibody production is of two different variations- Monoclonal and Polyclonal.

Monoclonal

Monoclonal antibodies come with more homogeneity, comprising stability from batch to batch. These antibodies are secreted from a single B-lymphocyte clone.

In this Monoclonal antibody manufacturing process, only one episode of one antigen is identified, so requiring less protein purification. But you can get here higher sensitivity and specificity than other antibodies. That’s why most research labs and studies choose Monoclonal antibody production for the manufacturing process.

Polyclonal

The mixture of different B-lymphocyte clones creates Polyclonal antibodies. These antibodies identify high homology proteins and multiple epitopes with a broader specificity. Polyclonal antibodies allow you a lot of options for experimental designs.

However, Polyclonal antibody production has less sensitivity to minor antigen changes but comes with a less complex manufacturing process, so it is easy to produce. The procedure involves four simple steps-

• Antigen preparation
• Immunization
• Protein expression
• Purification

So, you need to understand the differences between these two antibodies and determine which one meets your research needs. Also, consider the timescale and the available cell lines before making any decision.

Understand the antibody manufacturing process for quality production-

For any clinical analysis and research, custom antibodies play a great role. Their high sensitivity and specificity make them perfect for targeting unique proteins, leading to therapeutic and diagnostic use. That’s why it’s necessary to understand the specificity and sensitivity before choosing an antibody to determine the antigen target. Also, consider the following factors for quality antibody production:

• Talk to the scientist team of the antibody manufacturing companies you choose
• Do your research
• Avoid choosing poor-quality antibodies
• Look for functionality, specificity, and sensitivity during antibody selection for custom protein synthesis
• Understand your required functional activity, protein type, and desired yield

Determine antibody production types-

While using custom antibody production for disease prevention, like specific cancers or inflammation, choosing the right manufacturing method is necessary. There are two options- natural antibody production and adaptive antibody production. Evaluate the differences and figure out the ideal choice for your research.

For example, natural antibodies are more specific and germ-free to particular antibodies than adaptive antibodies. Contrarily, adaptive antibodies offer better long-term protection than natural antibodies.

Bottom Line

If you desire antibodies for your research or your lab, count on us, Bio Basic. We charge an affordable antibody manufacturing cost. Our quality scientists are here to assist you to choose the best package for antibody manufacturing according to your project goal.

Oligo Synthesis and Modifications 101: All the Basics You Should Know

Regarding research applications, synthesizing oligo or oligonucleotides has opened a new door. And while speaking of it, the first question will pop up in your mind, “What Are Oligonucleotides? What Is Meant by Oligo Synthesis?”- Isn’t it? Then, let us start by introducing this term to you. See here.

What Are Oligonucleotides and Oligo Synthesis?

Oligonucleotides or oligos are short single-standard nucleotide sequences containing up to 20 nucleotides in length. It’s a monomeric subunit of DNA and RNA. With the advancement of technology, it’s possible to create custom oligos using solid-phase chemical synthesis. Its sequential addition consists of nucleic acids, like (Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) for DNA and Uracil (U) for RNA, while transforming into a growing nucleotide chain. After the completion of the oligo synthesis process, it is desalted or purified to eliminate non-full-length substances.

The importance of oligos lies in various molecular processes, including DNA sequencing, PCR, plasmid construction, genomic manipulations, and labelled probes. In fact, its uses don’t limit to only these but expand to therapeutics and disease diagnosis, including advanced biomedicine and biological research.

Uses of Oligonucleotides in Research

Generally, oligos are used mostly in the research process of PCR (polymerase chain reaction) because this process requires a single strand of DNA to generate thousands of DNA copies used in downstream applications, like sequencing and cloning. In the PCR technique, oligos are called primers, usually 20 to 35 nucleotides long.

Besides, other biological research and applications, such as qPCR (quantitative PCR), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assays, and over-expression and gene editing, require user-specific custom DNA or RNA oligonucleotide synthesis sequencing.

Oligonucleotide primers

The use of a primer-based oligonucleotide process can be anytime when the involvement of nucleic acids is present. For example:

The use of oligonucleotide primers is best for DNA sequencing, and this primer sequencing is quite similar to PCR techniques, but the slight differences lie in various polymerase reactions. Also, small DNA molecules like plasmids are also constructed by inserting oligonucleotide primers i.e. genetic information transformation between cells.

Oligonucleotide probes

During DNA or RNA sequence detection, oligonucleotide probes play a great role since they are designed as complementary to the sequencing and labelled with fluorophores, detectable molecules. Also, its uses are common in tissue microarrays, gene libraries, and gene expression analysis.

Oligonucleotide Novel uses

Novel research and applications involve developed oligonucleotides, including antisense and aptamers oligos. Aptamers oligonucleotides can bind one or more targets in the same processes as antibodies, such as in drugs or detecting disease molecular markers. On the contrary, mRNA expression is targeted by antisense oligonucleotides during disease research procedures using different mechanisms.

Oligo modifications

Just like DNA or RNA oligo synthesis, oligonucleotide modifications have great importance in biological applications and research. Modified oligos are used in clinical-based research, like molecular therapeutics and diagnostics. Oligo modifications enhance the possibilities of biological reactions when it’s necessary.

For instance, there are different ranges of modifications available, including Spacers, Fluorophores, Linkers, Quenchers, Probes, Modified Bases, Phosphorylation, and so on. Some modifications improve the accuracy of oligos to target different sequences, while some create coupling with another molecule after the synthesis process is over. Generally, modifications are added during the oligonucleotide synthesis technique.

Bottom Line

Well, we hope you have got a brief idea about the oligo synthesis process and modifications. And if you are looking for one of the leading oligo synthesis companies, count on us, Bio Basic. We specialize in oligonucleotide synthesizing processes for different research applications, offering large-volume custom production using automation techniques for consistent production.

Also, our purification methods include High-Affinity Purification (novel purification process for custom oligos) PAGE, HPLC and HPLC-CE Purification, and Desalted Purification. We have expertise in diverse oligo modifications, from Linkers to Fluorophores to Probes, Quenchers, Spacers, and many more. We offer the highest standard oligo synthesis, including highly modified and purified oligonucleotides, due to manufacturing most tools and reagents in-house.

Click here to download our order form to place your order, or request a quotation and send the email to our oligo synthesis department at synthesis@biobasic.com. Or else, you can directly email us your sequences, including the modifications and purification type required.

DNA Sequencing: Which Is the Right Technology to Choose?

With the advancement of technology, clinical disease research, drug development, and genome research have faced a huge transformation and shift toward the DNA sequencing procedure in their research process. Nowadays, two different types of DNA sequencing technologies are used in research fields- Sanger sequencing and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS).

Sanger sequencing

Sanger sequencing follows a chain-termination method to utilize chemically developed and radiolabeled analogs of those four nucleotides- A, C, G, and T. This sequencing technology involves capillary electrophoresis of fluorescent-labeled DNA fragments for sequencing read generation. The read lengths are usually achieved from 500 bp to 600 bp but up to 800 bp. The longer the read lengths are, the better advantages the research can gain, especially in the case of genome repetitive region sequencing.

Next-Gen Sequencing (NGS)

On the contrary, Next-Gen Sequencing (NGS) is based on a massively parallel sequencing method. This fairly new sequencing technology has brought a revolution in molecular biology by generating millions of shorter reads synchronously. Hence, when choosing NGS for DNA sequencing services, you can expect the whole genome to be sequenced within a fraction of time but through different steps, from template to library preparation to fragment amplification to sequencing. But there are no requirements for electrophoresis steps like Sanger sequencing.

Which one is best- Sanger sequencing or Next-Gen Sequencing (NGS)

In short, both these DNA sequencing technologies are great choices in genetic analysis and research fields due to their quick turnaround time.

But which one will be the right choice for your needs depends on different factors, and we are going to discuss that in today’s blog.

Generally, both options are great for DNA sequencing. But you should go for the one suited to your research goals, qualifications, accuracy requirements, the required read length, accuracy, and the available sample types.

For instance, in Sanger sequencing technology, accuracy is critical for its base-calling applications. That’s why DNA sequencing experts usually use this technology to confirm the DNA variants as an orthogonal process. In fact, this DNA sequencing technology is used in human genetic disease research for phenotypic heterogeneity level observation to generate reads up to 800 bp. Here, the experts can confirm NGS variants or analyze one or two genes with a defined phenotype.

But the sequencing specialists choose Next-Gen Sequencing (NGS) during disease research to identify its Nobel variants with a huge number of genes and a higher phenotypic heterogeneity level. At one time, it can examine hundreds or thousands of genes in different samples while analyzing and discovering their genomic features during a single sequencing, from structural variants to single nucleotide variants to RNA fusions.

Besides, you need to keep in mind the following points as well while outsourcing DNA sequencing services to determine the best sequencing technology suited to your needs. Such as:

Turnaround time:

Sanger sequencing takes around 30 minutes for a quick turnaround with a single sequencing run time. But for NGS, the fast analysis and sequencing throughput requires at least 3 hours, although the process is flexible.

Key attributes:

The read length is up to 800 bp in Sanger sequencing, but NGS provides short reads. And using Next-Gen Sequencing (NGS), the overall costs for DNA sequencing services will go down as your targets keep growing.

Research applications:

Next-Gen Sequencing (NGS) can be used in whole genome sequencing, DNA and RNA sequencing, Exon sequencing, Systems Biology, Transcriptome, single-nucleotide variants, and more. In contrast, the experts use Sanger sequencing in different research fields, like microbial identification, validation of NGS-detected variants, SNP genotyping, and so on.

Sample costs:

Sanger sequencing technology analyzes one or two genes or around 96 targets. But Next-Gen Sequencing (NGS) researches 96 targets in just a single run. Yet, the former is perfect for you if you have a small-scale project. Otherwise, the latter will be cost-effective for large-scale projects.

Bottom Line

We hope you can determine which DNA sequencing technology will be right for your research using the attributes. But whether you need Sanger or NGS, count on us. At Bio Basic, we provide affordable and quick DNA sequencing services. Our experts ensure successful project completion.

Gene Synthesis Applications: Explore in Brief

Admit it or not, making genes may have never been so easy until the emergence of gene synthesis technology. During traditional methods, the selected genes are extracted, amplified and put for sequencing through different molecular assessments. For genetic research, this method is crucial, but the overall technique of gene-extracting sequences and mutation is quite laborious.

That’s why here is where gene synthesis comes in. It’s a groundbreaking technique introducing the same interest alteration. This synthetic biology method has wide applications in today’s world.

And at Bio Basic, we offer gene synthesis services with an over 95% completion rate, even on the most challenging sequences. But before you outsource our services, have a brief idea of its applications in different fields. Let's get started:

Gene Synthesis in Molecular Biology

Recent studies show that clarified amino acid and nucleotide sequences involve protein and polypeptide genes for actual research and production. So far, the expression of different gene synthesis has become successful in molecular biologies, like interferon, human growth hormone, insulin, interleukin etc.

Gene Synthesis in Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology refers to metabolic engineering (interfacing natural cellular metabolic methods). In this gene synthesis application technique, the specialists program cells for different practical applications. For example, it can involve affordable drugs or chemical synthesis or a biosynthetic artemisinin pathway construction in yeast to enable microbial production for such antimalarial compounds. And the best part is that this gene synthesis service costs one-tenth of the traditional harvesting production technique from the Artemisia annua plant.

Application of Gene synthesis in medicines

With the advancement of technology, it becomes quite sophisticated and easier to understand diseases, whether it be at the tissue or organ level or molecular or genetic level. Thus, tackling genetic diseases may have never been so simple before this new discovery. For instance, fluorescent probes are a valuable tool in the field of clinical diagnosis, detecting harmful deletions in different genes.

Now, let’s talk about the gene synthesis process we follow at Bio Basic. Such as:

Oligonucleotide synthesis-

In this first step, our gene synthesis specialists chemically synthesised long primers of ~50-60 bases in length at a similar melting temperature as fragments) for the desired gene sequence. We design primers to assemble each one during overlapping sequences.

PCR amplification-

Our experts assemble the primer fragments using PCR into multiple blocks to double-stranded DNA up to 1kb. Then, we assemble and amplify the blocks again similarly and construct a large double-stranded DNA.

Fragment sequencing-

We verify all the genes using DNA sequencing and select only the correct sequences. In this phase, our gene synthesis specialists use Sanger sequencing for its short run time and long read length.

Identifying Fragment errors-

During this event, our specialists perform fragment error correction to rectify mutated bases. It ensures that the gene synthesis process is completed as per the specifications desired for the project.

Vector Insertion and clone selection-

In this step, we insert the synthesised DNA into a certain amplified and isolated vector. As a default vector, we use the pUC57-Amp vector. After that, we select the appropriate and grown clones containing synthetic genes.

Gene Sequencing: First Round-

This process is the same as fragment sequencing we have discussed above using Sanger Sequencing. Then, we correct the errors as planned for the project.

Gene Sequencing: Second Round-

Similarly, the final round of gene sequencing goes on, and after that, our specialists apply further QC measures and lyophilize the gene into the microcentrifuge tube for downstream applications.

Bottom Line

So if you want gene synthesis services from us, Bio Basic, just go to the Gene Order Portal to get an automated quote and submit your gene order now! Click here to know how to use the portal!